In the field of satellite navigation, systems such as GPS and BeiDou rely on precise time synchronization to achieve positioning capabilities.
In radar and remote sensing, bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems address the issue of clock source inconsistency by using GPS to discipline oven-controlled crystal oscillators (OCXOs).
In the field of astronomical observation, fiber-optic time-frequency synchronization technology enables a frequency stability of 10⁻¹⁷ per day and time synchronization accuracy at the 100-picosecond level; this technology has been deployed in major scientific projects such as Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and the Square Kilometre Array (SKA).